[Investigation of components of seven species of thyme essential oils and comparison of their antioxidant properties]

Background: Thyme is one of the mint family geniuses that belongs to Nepetoideae subfamily. This plant has been known as an antiseptic, antispasmodic and antitussive. Thyme essential oil has many properties that one of which is antioxidant activity

Objective: The aim of this study was the investigation of seven thyme oils and the comparison of their antioxidant activities. In this paper, seven species of thyme essential oils from different regions have been collected and dried

Methods: The essential oil was extracted by using a Clevenger-type apparatus as British pharmacopoeia for four hours. Obtained essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy [GC/MS] technique

Results: Different compounds were identified in the essential oils with different percentages. The main compound in Thymus daenensis and Thymus vulgaris was thymol with percentage of 43.8 for the former and 45.1 for the latter. The dominate compounds in Thymus migricus, Thymus eriocalyx, Thymus serpylum, Zataria multiflora and Thymus kotschyanus were linalool [41.8%], geraniol [61.8%], para cymene [23.8%], carvacrol [57.7%], and Pulegone [37.2%], respectively. Antioxidant activity of essential oils was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl]DPPH] radical scavenging test

Conclusion: Antioxidant activities of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus daenensis, and Zataria multiflora were higher than the other essential oils

Evaluation of the accuracy of panoramic radiography in linear measurements of the jaws

Panoramic radiography has a great place among imaging techniques because of its enormous advantages. One of the characteristics of an ideal imaging technique is to supply precise measurement. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements of the jaws on panoramic radiographs. In this study, the vertical distances between the metal markers were measured by panoramic radiography in seven sites of two skulls in various head positions. Then the radiographic measurements were compared with the actual values. Eighty three percent of the measurements were underestimated, 8.5% were overestimated on panoramic radiography and 8.5% of the measurements had no difference with the real measurements. Overestimation was not greater than 1 mm. The difference between actual and radiographic measurements was less in the posterior areas and in the mandible. In all head positions, the greatest difference between actual and radiographic measurements occurred in the anterior area. Based on the results of this study, linear measurements on panoramic radiography are more reliable in the posterior areas and may be used in early clinical measurements

First report of ancylostoma tubaeforme in persian leopard [panther a pardus saxicolor]

Ancylostoma tubaeforme was originally described as a separate species parasitizing the cat. The adults of A. tubaeforme are 7 to 12 mm long. A. tubaeforme can be differentiated from the adults of A. braziliense and A. ceylanicum by the presence of three teeth. Here we describe the first report of A. tubaeforme in a Persian young female leopard, 2-3 years old, with head and trunk length 120 centimeters, length of tail 98 centimeters and body weight 35 kilograms

[Mental health status of beta-thalassemia major in Mazandaran Province in 2006]

Beta-thalassemia major [TM], a chronic, genetically determined hematological disorder, has received little investigation on the psychological aspects of the disease and the psychosocial adjustment of patients with this anemia. In the present study, the aim was to explore the nature of psychopathology according to age, sex, school performance, severity and complications of the disease in TM patients. A Cross-section descriptive study was conducted at the 14-Thalassemia Unit of different hospitals of Mazandaran province Iran in 2006,. Psychological aspects were evaluated by the Persian version of symptoms checklist-90-revised questionnaire. Information on relevant demographic characteristics, school performance, severity and complications of the disease was collected by one of the investigators who created the questionnaire. Analysis of data was done by Chi square method, t test and one way ANOVA. 687 [41.08%] of the 1672 eligible patients with TM completed the questionnaires. The mean age of the participations was 21.93 +/- 5.90 years and with a range of 15-45 years. 363 [52.8%] were female, 602 [6.87%] were single, 465 [67.7%] had not higher educational level. In our study, 446 [64.9%] of TM patients had GSI > 0.7 as psychiatric patients, 141 [20.5%] had GSI between 0.4 to 0.7 as suspected psychiatric patients, and 100 [14.6%] had GSI < 0.4 as non-psychiatric patients. These findings show that beta-thalassemia major patients are at risk for psychiatric symptomatology and need appropriated psychiatric consults

[ case report of clozapine induced oculogyric crisis]

Oculogyric crisis which is a dystonic reaction is commonly caused by neuroleptics and rarely occurs with atypical antipsychotics specially Clozapine. In this article a case of Clozapine induced oculogyric crisis is reported. The patient was a 25-years-old woman with auditory hallucination, loosening of association and persecutory delusion that was admitted and treated. Because of poor response to typical antipsychotics, she was prescribed Clozapine. Then she experienced multiple episodes of oculogyric crisis and was treated successfully with anticholinergic medication [Artane]. In this special case, Clozapine caused oculogyric crisis. This side effect is rare but should be considered as a possible adverse effect of Clozapine. On the basis of this report, Clozapine induced oculogyric crisis may be treated successfully with Artane

Evaluation of isoenzyme patterns for identification of pathogenic poultry Mycoplasmas

Electrophoretic analysis of isoenzymes in 8 enzymatic systems were used for differentiation of 4 isolates of chicken Mycoplasmas including two strains of M gallisepticum, one strain of M. gallinarum and one unknown isolate in comparison with a vaccinal strain of M agalactiae that basically is a pathogen in small ruminants. The enzymatic systems were lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], glucose dehydrogenase [G1DH], glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], galactose dehydrogenase [GalDH], 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [6PGDH], malic enzyme [ME], glucose phosphate isomerase [GPI] and alkaline phosphatase [AP]. The number of isoenzyme patterns obtained for LDH, G1DH, G6PD, GalDH, 6PGDH, ME, GPI and AP enzymatic systems were 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 3 and 0, respectively. Except AP enzyme system which is not active in Mycoplasma species, it is concluded that isoenzyme pattern of 7 other studied enzymatic systems, could differentiate between chicken Mycoplasmas and the small ruminant's strain. Based on the isoenzyme patterns of GalDH system, 2 strains of M gallisepticum were differentiated from M. gallinarum and the unknown isolate. Isoenzyme patterns of ME system was able to differentiate M gallinarum from the other chicken isolates. The isoenzyme patterns of GPI system were different for the two strains of M gallisepticum. The isoenzyme patterns of GalDH, GPI and ME systems, showed that the unknown strain of chicken Mycoplasma is a strain of M gallisepticum and it is closely related to one of the known M. gallisepticum isolates

[Study on capability of some quality control chemical Methods in comparison with total psychtrophic bacterial count in some species of frozen bony fish]

Objective: To find the precise and suitable method in hygienic quality control of some commercial marine species such as Skipjack tuna and Talang queenfish

Design: Comparative study

Animals: A total number of 20 frozen bony marine fish, i.e. Skipjack tuna [Katsuwonus pelamis] and Talang queenfish [Scomberoides commersonianus] which obtaind frizely

Procedures: The prepared samples transported to the food hygiene laboratory and after aerobic psychrotrophic bacterial total count [TC] and macro kjeldal determination of total volatile nitrogen [TVN] by APHA, FDA and AOAC methods, they were removed and transmitted to the central laboratory of food and drug quality control for evaluation of Trimethylamine [TMA] and histamine

Statistical analysis: Using SPSS statistical program including Kappa and Fisher's exact tests

Results: No significant correlation observed between the consideration factors and total count in all 20 studied species [P>0.05]

Conclusion: According to the results of this study in comparing histamine, trimethylamine and total volatile nitrogen with total count that indicates no significant correlation, it seems that none of these methods can be supposed as a precise quality control index, lonely

Isoenzyme studies in characterization of leishmania isolated in Iran

Phenotypic characters of the Leishmania organisms are very similar. Isoenzyme electrophoresis has provided an effective and reliable tool for characterization of Leishmania. To determine the isoenzyme profiles of Leishmania organisms isolated in Iran. Leishmania organisms were recovered from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] from various parts of Iran and in a few cases from Afghanistan. Isoenzyme profiles of these isolates were compared with those of reference strains of L. tropica, L. major and L. infantum using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 11 enzyme systems. Seventy two isolates of Leishmania were recovered from 407 patients suspected of CL. The isoenzyme pattern of 42 and 23 isolates were compatible with L. major, and L. tropica, respectively, according to the WHO reference strains. There were also 9 and 14 different strains, respectively within the L. major and L. tropica isolates. For the first time in Iran L. infantum was identified as the causative agent of CL. It was found that isoenzyme systems used in this study are able to detect different strains within the Leishmania species. It was determined that L. tropica was the causative agent in most cases of lupoid form of CL